Galaxy Poster
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 Star Wars Galaxy MOVIE POSTER New Hope Luke Darth 22x34  US $7.99
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 GALAXY DINER 24X36 POSTER W UV COATING BEST SELLER US $7.99
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 ROADSIDE DINER 24X36 POSTER UV COATED BEST SELLER US $7.99
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 MLS DAVID BECKHAM POSTER LA Galaxy 23 RARE HOT 24X36 PRINT IMAGE PHOTO F20 US $5.99
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 You Are Here Poster Milky Way Galaxy 24x36 US $12.75
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 New Super Mario Bros Galaxy 2 All Box Art Poster 16x13 US $.99
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 New Super Mario Bros Galaxy 2 All Box Art Poster 30x24 US $7.95
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 You Are Here Galaxy Space POSTER Milky Way NASA 24x36 US $8.99
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 Star Wars Darth Vader POSTER New Hope Empire Jedi 22x34 US $9.99
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 Star Wars Saga Collage POSTER Luke Leia Yoda Darth US $8.99
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Cosmogramma
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Waiting for My Rocket to Come (3 Track Sampler)
Sale Price: $2.25 |
Information about supernovae?
I have to make poster about supernovae how can i make it best please give me some important information about it .
I don't have to put pictures in it
i also want information about that planets which are greater then sun
and also tell me after supernovae which reaction happens in galaxy
Please give me useful suggestionsss
The catastrophic, explosive death of a star, accompanied by the sudden, transient brightening of the star to an optical luminosity comparable to that of an entire galaxy.
A supernova shines typically for several weeks to several months with a luminosity between 2 × 108 and 5 × 109 times that of the Sun, then gradually fades away. Each explosion ejects from one to several tens of solar masses at speeds ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of kilometers per second. The total kinetic energy, 1044 joules (2.5 × 1028 megatons of high explosive), is about 100 times the total light output, making supernovae some of the highest-energy explosions in the universe. Unlike its fainter relative, the nova, a supernova does not recur for the same object. See also Nova.
Supernovas may be grouped according to either their observational characteristics or their explosion mechanism. Basically, type I supernovae have no hydrogen in their spectrum; type II supernovae do. Two mechanisms are involved: thermonuclear explosion in white dwarfs and gravitational collapse in massive stars. Type I supernovae of different subclasses can occur by either mechanism, but it is thought that most type II supernovae are powered by gravitational collapse.
During the last thousand years, there have been approximately seven supernovae visible to the unaided eye, in 1006, 1054, 1181, 1408, 1572, 1604, and 1987. SN 1006 may have been as bright as the quarter moon. The first six of these occurred in the Earth's vicinity of the Milky Way Galaxy. But the last, and only, naked-eye supernova since the invention of modern instrumentation occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small satellite galaxy of the Milky Way about 160,000 light-years away. Supernovae are discovered in other galaxies at a rate of about 150 per year. Most supernovae in the Milky Way Galaxy are obscured by dust, but various arguments suggest that about two type II supernovae per century and one type Ia every other century occur in the Milky Way Galaxy. See also Magellanic Clouds; Milky Way Galaxy.
Type Ia supernovae
Type Ia supernovae may be regarded as nature's largest thermonuclear bombs. They occur when an accreting white dwarf, composed of carbon and oxygen, grows to a mass 1.38 times that of the Sun, almost the critical mass that can be supported by electron degeneracy pressure, and ignites carbon fusion near its center. Ignition occurs when carbon fusion at the center releases energy faster than neutrinos can carry it away. Because the pressure is insensitive to the temperature, a nuclear runaway occurs. Fusion releases energy, which raises the temperature, which makes fusion go faster, but the gas cannot expand and cool. The nuclear runaway spreads in about 1 second through the star. The energy released by this nuclear burning is more than enough to completely blow the white dwarf apart with high velocity. Nothing remains—no neutron star, no black hole, and no burst of neutrino emission. See also Binary star.
Type II supernovae
A typical type II supernova results from a star somewhat over 8 solar masses, on the main sequence, that spends its last years as a red supergiant burning progressively heavier fuels in its center. The radius of the star, after hydrogen has burned and the star is part way through helium burning, is roughly 500 solar radii, and its luminosity is already about 100,000 times that of the Sun. Each burning stage is shorter than the previous one. The last stage turns silicon and sulfur into a ball of roughly 1.4 solar masses of iron. Once iron has been produced, no more nuclear energy is available. See also Supergiant star.
A combination of instabilities now leads to the implosion of the iron core to a neutron star. When the density at the center reaches several times that of the atomic nucleus, the collapse halts and briefly springs back owing to the short-range repulsive component of the nuclear force. But the energy of this bounce is soon dissipated, and a hot young neutron star remains which, over the next few seconds, radiates away its heat and binding energy as neutrinos. See also Neutrino; Strong nuclear interactions.
The energy output in these neutrinos is enormous, about 3 × 1046 joules or 15% of the rest mass of the Sun converted to energy; rivaling the luminosity of the rest of the observable universe in light. A small fraction of these neutrinos, about 0.3%, are absorbed in reactions with neutrons and protons in the regions just outside the neutron star and deposit their energy. Even this small amount of energy is much greater than the gravitational binding of the remaining part of the star external to the newly formed neutron star. A bubble of radiation is inflated by the neutrino energy deposition, the outer boundary of which expands supersonically, driving a shock wave through the rest of the star and ejecting it with high velocity. The main energy of the explosion, though, is carried away as neutrinos. This general picture was confirmed when a neutrino burst of the predicted energy and duration was detected February 23, 1987, from the Large Magellanic Cloud in conjunction with SN 1987A. See also Neutrino astronomy; Shock wave.
Nucleosynthesis
Supernovae are major element factories, responsible for producing most of the elements in nature heavier than nitrogen. The largest yields are of the more abundant elements, including oxygen, silicon, magnesium, neon, iron, and a portion of carbon, but dozens of other elements are also made. See also Nucleosynthesis.
Type Ia cosmological applications
Because of their brightness and the regularity of their light curves, type Ia supernovae have long been used as standard candles to survey cosmological distances. More recently it has been realized that the relatively small variation that occurs in the peak brilliance of such supernovae may be correlated with their decline rates. Use of this so-called Phillips relation allows even greater precision in distance determination. Using type Ia supernovae in this fashion reveals a surprising result. Two independent analyses show that the expansion rate of the universe is not slowing as might be expected long after the big bang, but is actually accelerating. The pull of gravity can only cause deceleration, so the acceleration is attributed to an invisible form of dark energy that enters into the cosmological equations as a repulsive term.
i got it from
http://www.answers.com/topic/supernova
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