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Remembering The Golden Age of Hollywood

The Golden Age of Hollywood is said to have begun in the late 1920's, during the end of the silent film era, and continued through the late 1950's. The 1927 release of The Jazz Singer signaled an end to silent films and box office receipts started to climb. This new surge in film popularity gave Hollywood enough momentum for three decades of successful filmmaking.

During this magical era the big time studios MGM, Paramount, 20th Century Fox, and RKO Pictures gave birth to dozens of new stars. Many of these stars would go on to become Hollywood legends. A few of these familiar names would be Clark Gable, Bette Davis, Cary Grant, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, and Ingrid Bergman.

At the very beginning of Hollywood's Golden Age things were a little slow to start due to the financial troubles caused by the Great Depression, However, Hollywood still managed to produce outstanding movies. These films had a very positive effect providing an escape for audiences who were struggling with the tough times caused by the Depression.

American movie goers reveled in the entertainment of Hollywood's new found stars who lit up the screen with great flairs of passion and glamour; they laughed with comedic actors W.C. Fields, Bob Hope and the Marx Brothers, and  fell madly in love with a dancing, singing curly haired little girl by the name of Shirley Temple.

Some of Hollywood's most memorable classics were created during this Golden Age and included  "Gone With The Wind"(1939), "The Wizard of Oz" (1939) John Steinbecks "The Grapes of Wrath"(1937), and the debut of Walt Disneys "Snow White and Seven Dwarfs" (1937). In fact, it is a common opinion that 1939 was the greatest year in movie history.

The War Effort

After the outbreak of World War II, 1940's Hollywood did their part for the war effort by producing documentaries, film shorts, news reels, and by holding a great many fundraisers in an effort to help Americans through such this tough and fearful time. Movies also began to take on more of a patriotic theme helping to lift the morale on the country.

Wartime stars like Jimmy Stewart, Elizabeth Taylor, Ronald Reagan, Ingrid Bergman, Judy Garland, Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, and Bob Hope all made major contributions during this period and are some of the most patriotic and memorable performers of the era.

The 1950's

By the early 1950's, with most post-war American households having a television in their living rooms, the impact on the Hollywood movie industry was significant. It was time for Hollywood to get creative concerning their target audience.

One such creative was to satisfy the enormous appetite of the new teenage market. This was successfully accomplished with the producing of rebellion movies, younger leading actors and actresses, and the opening of a new way to go to the movies...the Drive In Movie Theater.

However, this was not the only notable adjustment made to filmmaking. Hollywood also became more edgy when it came to sexuality on the silver screen, with stars like Marilyn Monroe, the most infamous and legendary sex symbol of Hollywood, putting the essence of raw, yet playfully seductive sexuality back into film just as Jean Harlow did in the 1930's prior to the censorship codes.

Once again the film industry was able to change with the times allowing the Golden Age of Hollywood to continue a little longer. 

About the Author

Carl DiNello is a Blog Owner whose passion is Hollywood history and those movies from the 1920s - 1950s that make up this rich history.

Hollywood Movie Memories...Movies to Remember and Discover!

Enjoy reading more Hollywood Movie Memories Hollywood History Articles.

1930's Hollywood Movie Memories - The Golden Age Of Hollywood

The early part of the 1930's provided less in the way of Hollywood Movie Memories, and more in the way of memories of the Great Depression. In spite of the decades slow start, Hollywood would go on to have one of the most creatively and financially successful eras in motion picture history.

It was during the 1930's that Hollywood film making really started to spread its wings. The use of sound in film production, both as background and dialogue, continued to advance. New sound techniques were created and mastered with several competing sound options now available. These sound advancements along with the ability to film in color immediately caused a revolution in motion picture production.

The color film process known as Technicolor became the most widely used in Hollywood right up through the early 1950's. The Technicolor process produced super-realistic, dazzling color that was used with spectacular success in films such as The Adventures of Robin Hood, Singin' In The Rain, The Wizard of Oz, and the animated Walt Disney classics Fantasia, and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

The evolution of film genres began to expand and now included gangster films (including the first prison drama), musicals, westerns, screwball comedies, and monster movies.  In addition, socially conscious reality films, historical biography's, and newspaper reporting style movies were now being made. Many of the classic silent films of the 1920's were being remade with sound, and 1930's film production now included something called 'sequels,' and 'spin-offs'. There even existed a psychological approach to movie making that produced a large number of adventure and fantasy films to help take the viewers minds off the Great Depression.

The 1930's also produced probably the largest number of movie firsts than any other decade.  A few of these would include little known prop man and B-actor John Wayne's first starring role in a major motion picture (The Big Trail), the creation of the Motion Picture Production Code (setting film guidelines for violence, sex, crime and religion), The Hollywood Reporter (the first daily newspaper for the film industry), legendary child star Shirley Temple, Three Stooges comedy films, and the first drive-in theatre in Camden, New Jersey.

What started out as a luke-warm film decade suffering from declining attendance as a result of the Depression, finished on a sizzling note with what many consider to be the most Golden Film Year of all 1939.

The 1930's truly were The Golden Age Of Hollywood. 

About the Author

Carl DiNello is an Article Author and Blog Owner whose passion is Hollywood history and those movies from the 1920's - 1950's that make up this rich history.

Hollywood Movie Memories Movies to Remember and Discover!

You may republish this article on your website, or e-zine so long as none of the content, or author information has been edited or changed in any way, and all links are left active and unchanged.

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Bell Helicopter, Zip Aviation Announce New Addition to Fleet and Expanded Service From 30th Street in Manhattan

Zip Aviation has taken delivery of its first Bell Helicopter 206L Long Ranger and plans

to use the helicopter for charter service from Manhattan's West 30th Street

Heliport. This will be the first time for a Bell helicopter to be flown from the 30th St.

Heliport.

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About the Author

Making a Career in Creative Arts and Commercial Arts

‘Creative and Commercial Arts’ is an upcoming and much in demand field today. Those with creative aptitude and good art skills have no lack of job opportunities with a rise in the media, advertising and publishing sectors. To hone the inherent skills, one can avail the formal training which is available for fine arts at the certificate, diploma and degree level at a number of institutions. The course duration could vary from 1-5 years. Those who want to make a career out of it can pursue courses at institutes across India and abroad. To become a successful commercial artist, one must have a creative bent of mind and an eye for detail. Apart from this, one needs perseverance and an indomitable will power to pursue this field of fine arts as a profession.

Commercial fine arts could refer to painting, sculpting, applied art, graphic interior design, ceramic design, mural design, metal craft, pottery design and painting. It is important to get training as a course helps one nurture and align the creative energy and gives the technical edge and finesse required to survive in an industry where competition is ever increasing. There is training available at both degree and diploma level. For doing a Bachelors Degree course in Fine Arts (BFA), one must have successfully cleared the Higher Secondary Examinations or 10+ 2. Subsequently, for acquiring a Post Graduation Degree in Commercial Fine Arts, one must be a graduate in Fine Arts.

There are many premier institutes in India where Commercial Fine Arts is taught as a subject of study. These include Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art (Mumbai), Faculty of Fine Arts (Baroda), Kala Bhavan, Shantiniketan, Jamia Millia Islamia (New Delhi) and College of Art (New Delhi).

Sir J. J. Institute of Applied Art is based in Mumbai. It is a state government college that has four departments which offer training for various types of Degree and Diploma courses. The Department Of Painting offers BFA (Painting) 4 years, Post Degree MFA(Painting ) 2 years, MFA (Painting) (by papers) in Portraiture, MFA (Painting) in Graphic Art, MFA (Painting) in Creative Painting. The Department Of Sculpture And Modelling offers BFA (Sculpture) 4 years and Diploma Sculpture and Modelling 4 years. The Department Of Arts And Crafts offers BFA (Craft- Metal Work) 4 years, BFA (Craft - Textile Design) 4 years, BFA (Craft- Interior Decoration) 4 years and BFA (Craft - Ceramics) 4 years. The Department Of Art offers Teacher Training Art Teacher's Diploma ( A.T.D.) 2 years, Diploma in Art Education (Dip. A. ED.) 1 year and Art Master Certificate Course (part-time) 1 year.

Symbiosis Institute of Design based in Pune offers the following degree programs:  Bachelor of Design (B. Des) in Communication Design, Bachelor of Design (B. Des ) in Product Design, Bachelor of Design (B. Des) in Fashion Communication and Bachelor of Design (B. Des) in Fashion Design. The institute tries to offer an optimum mix of traditional skills, new media skills and soft skills.

Other than these, Jamia Milia Islamia, Loyola College, Amity University, University of Calcutta, Rabindra Bharati University, International Institute of Fine Arts, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Aligrah Muslim University, University of Jammu, Animation and Fine Arts Academy, Anna University and the University of Delhi offer courses on fine arts.

Those who have acquired a degree or diploma in fine arts, commercial arts or creative arts can work as freelancers. This allows for variety and free hand in their projects. There is demand for specialists in drawing in the publishing industry and newspaper houses as illustrators, cartoonists, and designers. Those who are good at applied art have unlimited opportunities in advertising agencies as graphic artists, designers, visualisers, and creative directors. Trained artists have a wide arena of options in front of them, ranging from working in art studios, advertising companies, fashion houses etc. Other related careers are teaching, direction, photography, television, clothing and fashion, as art directors for magazines, on-line services, software companies, manufacturers, promotion and product design.

In the television and media field, one could design the non verbal presentations for television programmes involving trade figure analysis, election results, etc. A commercial artist can also design stamps and letter heads for government organizations. Software firms in India require experts in commercial fine arts as ‘Graphic Equalisers’.

Apart from working in India, one can also explore career options abroad. One can organize exhibitions and auction his creations abroad. Then, there is an option to conduct various workshops on fine arts and its related fields. Other related option is to be art critic and write reviews for various art magazines which are quite popular abroad. Thus, there is no dearth of job options for skilled and trained artists in creative arts, fine arts and commercial arts. After a course from a good institute, one can land a job with either a good company or work on his/her own and earn name, fame and wealth. This field can give one high visibility and recognition with one good piece of art.

About the Author

Geetika Jain writes on behalf of Shiksha.com. Shiksha.com is an education portal that connects education seeker with education provider. Shiksha.com has wide information over Fine Arts and Creative arts courses, its education forums enable its users to seek opinion of students, alumni and faculty of colleges and schools through College Groups and School Groups

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Star Sapphires and Rubies

Commonly stars are known in ruby and sapphire but they also appear in garnet, spinel and other less known varieties. There are differences between all stars, but we will here pretend that nature made all stars equal.

Gemstone phenomena, especially asterism, are a tough call to judge on photo. However, no normal jeweler will be able to show you a fine natural star sapphire, let alone a selection to choose from. Good stars are rare even beyond the normal gemstone rarity. Unless you live in a metropolis or travel to Tucson or Basel, the internet is the only place to compare and buy such gems.

Looking at images on the web, stars seem to be quite an ugly bunch. Rarely do they show nice colors, often they are zoned, patchy, heavily included, silky, egg-shaped and at times the asterism is hardly visible at all.

And of course you will find many "perfect", "fully colored", giant star sapphires or rubies for a few dollars. These are synthetic or surface diffused or lead-glass filled gems which are mostly worth just as much as they cost.

There is nothing wrong with twenty carat Linde star for fifty dollar, but be wary of those sellers trying to offer them as real.

So, are they are either ugly or faked? No, don't be discouraged. Real, natural stars are mind-shaking and heart-breaking. Many star skeptics have become sworn star fans after their first encounter with fine quality.  

Here is what to look for when selecting a star sapphire or ruby online:

The value of any star gem depends strongly on the quality of its asterism, which is defined by (no order):

1. Sharpness
2. Symmetry & linearity
3. Completeness (6 rays mostly)
4. Travel (smoothness of movement)
5. Position
6. Lucidity & Depth 

The relative importance of these criteria are questions of personal taste, culture and fashion. Most collectors would perhaps trade in some off-centeredness for good movement, or overlook a meandering leg while frowning at a missing one. 

We feel lucidity, travel, position and completeness may be most important and price relevant.     

Only then, with decreasing relevance, come:

1. Color
2. Clarity (inclusions)
3. Shape
4. Finish (top and bottom) 

Asterism and color together easily make up 80% of the value of a star (sapphire, ruby or any other variety).

With ten dimensions (as compared to the old 4 Cs) stars are a quite demanding topic. But they are rewarding, too.

Let us tackle each issue separately from the web's point of view:

1. Sharpness is easily shown on the web. There is an ideal distance between the spotlight placed on a gem and the gem bringing out the sharpest star. You may assume that the photo captures this point. (unless stated otherwise in the grading report) In general, a camera shows stars not as sharp as the eye perceives them. Hence, when you see a sharp star on photo you can safely conclude that the star is actually very good in person. If you can just make out the star on the photo, it will be fleeting and in need of a strong single spotlight.  Please be advised that one may well find faked (photo-shopped) sharp stars on Ebay or elsewhere. As always, if it is too good to be true... and never buy without 3rd party certificate.  

2. Symmetry and linearity too, are easy: What you see is what you get.

3. Completeness: No problem either. Count the legs. If the gem on the photo misses one leg it is likely missing for real (unless the grading says otherwise.)

4. Travel, the ability and smoothness of the star traveling over the stone, is not really possible to show on the web (not yet at least). Until online video technology has advanced further, you will have to rely on the seller's description and check later in person.  Ideally, the star follows a light source smoothly, not jerking and jumping, while staying intact and sharp. Don't expect perfection though: Every star has a weak area or two. Value reducing characteristics would be a loss of completeness or even a sudden disappearance of the star during movement.

5. Position too, is a tricky business on the internet. In order to show the star on a photo one must bring it close to the center. Thus, on a photo, the star will usually be centered. But that does not mean it actually is.  Even a 100% centered star would need camera and spotlight in the same position (which is next to impossible). Hence, position is always a criterion that one must question further even if the photo looks great. Sometimes you may see the light coming obviously from the side while the star sits centered, meaning that, when the light is moved up, the star will probably shift off-center. However, this is not 100% conclusive. Mostly you will need to rely on the seller's evaluation. Some online vendors will try to put a number to off-centeredness: "45 degree off-center" for example indicates that when the spotlight is positioned straight above, the center of the star sits half way down the stone. Ten degree would mean the star is just slightly off center and more than 60 degree would send it nearly over the edge.

6. Lucidity & Depth are connected. In one extreme we will have completely opaque material with the star sitting on the surface. Opaqueness is easy to spot on photos. It looks like a solid piece of material with the rays fixed or painted onto the surface.  At the other end of the spectrum we may have highly transparent quality with the rays reaching into the body. One can, however, not expect 100% transparency because needles are necessary to break the light and show the star.  If the needles are very fine and yet the star is clearly visible, then ... There is magic: The rays sway like silver curtains inside this most dense material.Most stars however are rather opaque characters and transparency is highly priced. 

The remaining four points are also relevant in normal gems but some additions are helpful:

7. Color: Strong colors are extremely rare in stars. Even the best star will have a silky, silvery sheen to it which clouds its saturation. This is unavoidable. A star needs needles.  Most stars come in grayish, foggy mild colors. Exceptions exist but they are very costly and yet can not rival the intenseness of a 100% transparent gem.  Novices will be disappointed when expecting to find a neon red ruby or a hot pink sapphire with perfect asterism. One has to appreciate the silkiness as part of the phenomena, and see the color as an add-on. Even grayish white stars have good value if their asterism is of high quality.  The main problem, however, when judging colors on photo springs from the fact that any spotlight, needed to show the star, affects the character of the color. There is no cure to this. If the spotlight alters the color too much we often add a "no-star" image to show the gem's "2nd" color. This means one image to show the star, and one more to show the color (without a spotlight) under mixed and diffused light conditions.  However, this is not fully satisfying since star quality and color saturation interact. Again you have to read the sellers description carefully and trust his judgment until you can examine the stone yourself.  There is a trade-off between a weak star and a full color: The finer the needles, the better the color potential, but the weaker the star. Hence, the worst of all possible stars will be valued close to a cabochon of similar quality. Thinking of ruby, we would, at some point, discard the asterism and cut the cabochon into a facetted gem with that sought-after silky ruby sheen.

8. Clarity: Stars are by nature often more included than normal facetted gemstones (beyond their needle structure). This may be connected to their geological origin as semi-transparent material. However, inclusions should not dominate the overall appearance or hinder the rays from traveling. Stars also often display stronger color zones. Here too, one has to be tolerant. As long as the star runs unhindered through those color zones you are still on the good side, even if the price of such a gem must be well below an evenly saturated sample.

9. The shape of a star is limited to round or oval cabochon with rare exceptions.  Generally, asymmetric shapes or other unevenness will reduce prices or should be re-cut straight away. Stars may come flat or dome shaped but this isn't of much importance since there are no windows or blackouts to fear as in facetted gems.

10. Finally the finish of a star: While the dome must be smooth and evenly polished the bottom is often left rough and uneven, frequently even with unattractive edges, holes and other flaws. Don't worry about it. The only thing that counts in a star sapphire or ruby is the top. Of course, in an ideal world, the bottom too can be pretty but don't count on it. The bottom does not need to be nice but must be as small as possible, not bulging and thus producing extra weight. Enough bottom to accommodate a setting is all the weight you want to pay for. A tiny star sitting on a giant rock of corundum will not be priced per carat.  

Summary:

• The most important quality of a star sapphire, ruby (or any other variety) is its asterism.
• The main criteria of asterism are lucidity, completeness, position and travel.
• Lucidity and completeness are possible to judge online.
• Position and travel are not conclusive by photo only, but need the sellers input.
• Asterism and color together determine the value of a star gem.
• Strong colors in transparent stones are highly priced but extremely rare.
• Some fogginess/silkiness is necessary in every star.
• Colors may vary depending on the type and intensity of the spotlight.
• Watch out for over-weight bottoms.

Treatment of Star Sapphire & Ruby:  Many gem dealers will claim that stars can not be treated. This is nonsense. They can not be ultra-high-heated above 1200 degree because this might melt the needles. Stars are regularly heated below 1200 degree, lead-glass-healed, diffused or filled with bismuth or other chemicals.

About the Author

Edward was born in 1968 in Berlin. His family migrated to Sri Lanka in 1973. He studied biology and international development in London and Berlin. His company, Wild Fish Gems was founded in 2000 as a company specializing in Ceylon gems that have not been treated with radiation, chemicals or heat. He has recently begun sourcing from a broader range of countries across Southeast Asia and Africa. His gemstones are delivered daily to jewelers and gem lovers all over the world.

Sapphire Classification and Internet Purchasing

Sapphire is commonly known as a blue gem and Sri Lanka holds a solid world market share. But the country's actual strength lies in the so-called fancy sapphire. In fact in 2005, for the first time ever, fancy sapphires overtook the ruby in world sales and are now in position two behind the blue sapphire. "Fancy" is any sapphire that is not red (ruby) or blue. Sri Lanka is the world champion for yellow, pink, purple, white, orange and any other color combination (except green). Some species, like Padparadscha or truly white (colorless) sapphire, are said to be found only on this little island.

The most famous of all fancy sapphires is the Padparadscha. Pads (amongst friends) are one of the most sought-after gemstone varieties. They have a long tradition and come with an outstanding mystical image. Described as a color merger of the lotus flower and a tropical sunset, they are a famous topic of discourse amongst gem color specialists. However, anyone who knows how many colors the lotus flower shows (not to talk of a sunset), can imagine the confusion regarding the definition and usage of the term "Padparadscha". The color effect of a true Pad is easy to capture. But, given their extreme value, Pads are probably the most faked variety on the Internet. The combination of orange and pink is more a challenge to the photographer's honesty than to his skills. One will find anything from pinkish lavender to dull brown offered as Pads. Some sellers do not even go through the hassle of "photoshopping" their stones, but simply sell all off-colors holding any suggestion of pink or orange as Pads. To qualify as true Pad, a sapphire must show orange and pink at the same time. Here we may distinguish two forms of Padparadscha: The first is one with pink and orange merge throughout the stone. The eye is puzzled with the melting color equilibrium. Some might perceive more pink, while others see more orange. Even more fascinating are those that show more pinkish orange in tungsten light, while being crispy orange pink at day. The second type in one in which pink and orange are separated. An orange sapphire with pink areas also qualifies as a true Padaparadscha (and the other way around). Though Pads with thoroughly merging orange and pink are even higher priced than those with "simple" color zones, the latter can also make very beautiful gems. Additionally Pad connoisseurs distinguish between "pinkish orange" (orange is the more dominant color) and "orange pink" (pink being more dominant).

To summarize, we may define four types of Padparadschas:

1. Orange Pink (merging orange into pink)

2. Orange with Pink (pink zones in orange stone)

3. Pinkish Orange (merging pink into orange)

4. Pink with orange (orange zones in a pink stone)

In Sri Lanka the "Orange Pink" is the most valued variety of the four. Because of their value Pads have always been the object of gem treated fakery. Any good looking Pad that does not cost significant money is a fake. There are no exceptions to this rule. When buying true Pads on the web, make sure that the stone is graded as "pinkish orange" or "orange pink" by an independent lab.

Though, as mentioned before, sapphire comes in a myriad of colors, most people think of sapphire as being blue. Blue sapphire is the number one in sales of all colored gemstones. Famous are Cornflower, Velvet- and Sky-blue and the rarest Kashmir blue. The roots of the latter color lie, of course, in gemstones originating from Kashmir. However, since the mines there have run dry the term 'Kashmir' is commonly used for a specifically sleepy and hypnotic type of deep blue. Blues are routinely burned to create darker shades. Sri Lanka exports containers of an ugly whitish stone ("geuda") which turns into blue sapphire under ultra-high heat. An estimated 95% of all Sri Lanka sapphire is treated. Untreated blue Ceylons are considered a rarity. Blue sapphire in a photo could be called the chameleon of the gemstone world. Anybody who has tried to capture blue sapphire on photo will have realized that it is extremely sensitive to the light source. Far from understanding the color perception of the human eye versus that of a camera, we can only note that blue sapphire is a camera-chameleon. The slightest change to angles, distance to the light source, or the type of light itself result in tremendous change of the captured color. Blue sapphire can be photographed "into" many hues. Depending on the light source and angle the camera transmits different hues and shades. Hence, a "sell & run" trader could offer one stone as cornflower blue, purplish blue or even as a light Kashmir blue - resulting in very different prices. Yet, the "real" color is only the one which the eye perceives. However, deviation between reality and the photo are not always the result of bad intention or fraud. Especially light colored sky-, marine-, and steel-blue stones are in fact difficult to capture correctly. Therefore any photo should be accompanied by a straightforward grading and a written description taking up any issue that the photo might withhold from the buyer. The lesson to learn: When buying blue sapphire on the web, always carefully read and consider the seller's description and grading. When the "real" blue might be hard to capture, it is worthwhile to pay attention to all other information the seller gives.

In Sri Lanka, we also find particularly bright yellow sapphire. Though not strong in color they do excel in luster and crystal. A well cut light yellow sapphire is a delightful lively gemstone. Very often, these light yellow stones mark the border to white (colorless) sapphire. White sapphires with only an idea of yellow (or any other color) are here called "Tinted White". Such a yellow can be just as fascinating as a fancy diamond but will cost only a fraction. Intensely colored yellow sapphires of bigger size usually come with a tint of orange or green. Thus they can range from a rich canary yellow to an intense greenish lemon hue. However, flashy colors are extremely rare in natural and untreated yellow sapphire. In the past years, light yellow has been the favorite sapphire color amongst collectors, and their prices have soared. Nevertheless they are still affordable when compared to blue or pink. More than other lightly colored stones, yellow sapphires do not stomach inclusions very well. Even an only "lightly included" yellow may seem to be somehow dirty on a photo, though, in fact, the eye will not perceive any inclusions at all. In deeper colors even the lens would not reveal those fine inclusions, but in a yellow they seem to spoil the photo. A yellow sapphire free of inclusions on the other hand is a grateful gem to work with. They will shine and sparkle especially when exposed to a little bit of sunlight. Frequently however their luster is so strong that the camera captures them just as a blurred light source. In this case, the photographer has the choice to either show the stone as a somewhat fuzzy shining star, or he has to sacrifice the luster and show the stone from the side only. Frequently, we also experience that the greenish character of a stone becomes strongly exaggerated by the camera. Some stones in fact turn so green that they are hardly recognizable as yellows anymore. This presents one of the rare cases in which it might be legitimate to manually decrease the amount of green captured by the lens. Again, the primary goal of any photo is to present the stone as close to reality as possible, yet the additional description ought to mention any potential deviation between photo and eye perception.

Regarding purple sapphire, some cultures and languages use the term "purple" differently. As most North Americans and Europeans, we take purple as a color on its own. Violet, also a mixture of blue and red, lies closer to the blue and is therefore counted into the blue gemstones. Purple sapphires are far undervalued given the strong color sensation they offer. A good purple is as thrilling to the eye as a good blue or violet. Nevertheless they have not been getting much attention until the quest for untreated sapphire made many people consider other colors than the classical pink and blue. Yet, besides the terrific but rare electric purple, collectors seem to prefer stones with an undertone rather than fully saturated purple ones. This looks like an exception to the rule "the higher the saturation the higher the price". A reason for this exception may be found in the way pure purple defies the camera. When looking at images of purple sapphire on the web one quickly realizes that they can not compete with the dazzling presentation of good blue or pink. Whenever you see a breathtaking image of a purple sapphire it is mostly the secondary hue that gives it the "bang". Pinkish purple, reddish purple or violet/bluish purple are great models, but purple on its own does not perform well in front of the camera. Fully saturated purple shows somewhat dull or lifeless in front of the camera. Add a tint of secondary color, and the tone changes dramatically. Thus, when buying purple sapphires on the web: Give them some credit! You might well be surprised how reasonably you have obtained a fully colored untreated sapphire. Though prices shall not be a function of the photogenic capabilities of a variety, they do influence the market situation. Hence, purples are sold relatively more expensive in the traditional channels than they are sold on the web. This is true for all gems, but especially for the camera-shy purple.

Pink, being a lightly colored form of red sapphire or ruby, has become popular in recent years. Its colors range from a light lavender rose to the so-called "hot pink", which resembles a vivid bubble-gum hue. Aside from padparadscha, which is partly orange, pink sapphires have become the most expensive variety within the fancies. Prices of pinks vary greatly with size and color intensity. However, untreated hot pinks of several carats have buyers lined up at the mines. In the wake of this popularity, prices of pink spinel have increased as well. The fact that heart shapes are much more frequent in pink sapphires than in any other color points to the emotional occasions they like to be used for. Especially the Japanese market has an almost insatiable demand for big pink hearts. Hot pink was once a unique offer from Sri Lanka, but we do not see that continued. Madagascar has taken a dominant position for pinks, but most stones are heat treated. Though Madagascan stones are sometimes heated at lower temperatures (600°C), we feel that "treatment is treatment". To distinguish between low and high temperature heating does not help at all, but further complicates the situation for the buyer and increases the confusion in the market. Either a stone has been artificially pampered with, or not. If there was no change, then why was it heated in the first place? Hence, if you want a truly natural pink you will have to search longer and, no doubt, pay more. Light pinks are notoriously difficult to capture on film. Like yellow they suffer from exaggerated display of inclusions, re-pay good luster with fuzzy images and pretend to have windows where the eye sees none. In fact, light pinks are known to have made photographers quit their jobs. Strongly colored pinks on the other hand are more than robust. Hot pinks jump straight into the camera without problems. As a rule, the more color in a pink the more critical you should be about any flaw you can see on the image. Be wary with hot pinks that look too included or windowed, they probably are. Unless the price reflects the visible flaw and the seller names it for what is it, you might have a bad awakening. On the other side you can make a good catch if you find a fine, but lightly colored, pink that is undervalued due to its bad photo manners.

Truly colorless sapphires are called white and are said to be found exclusively in Sri Lanka. Fine white sapphires have become rare since they can be turned blue, orange or yellow with high heat, irradiation and various other treatments. White sapphire rivals diamond. Thus, they were often used as a substitute. However, many people have become aware that they do have their own charm, and, since then, they have become valued far above cheaper diamond substitutes. Most whites, like the pinks, are heated, even if on lower temperatures. Some like to conceal this as "only blow-heat". Many whites do have light hues - pink, purple or a tint of blue. The border between a pale blue and a white sapphire with a blue tint is not clearly set. From the point of view of untreated stones, the description should fall in favor of color, calling a white sapphire that shows some, say, blue "tinted white", rather than white. Such a tint may be imagined as the lightest of all tones. Clear water in a glass bottle for example may sometimes leave an impression of being bluish, or white marble might shine yellowish. However, we wouldn't call this blue or yellow straight away. The tints in white are in fact often so fine that professional graders can not agree on them. Some labs define such a stone as "faint blue" some tend to call it "colorless". At the end of the day it comes down to your personal perception and taste. In any case, even the faintest idea of color should be mentioned in the stone’s description. All whites do exhibit color when in colored light of course, but that does not count as a tint. When choosing a tinted white sapphire on the web, make sure that the stone does not only show colors resulting from an external light effect. Ask the seller and look at the color definition of the lab certificate if you are not sure. If there is a tint, and you like it, you might have the chance for a bargain in your color of choice. At any rate, white sapphires are thankful photogenic models. They sparkle and shine with all might. Surprisingly they are not as sensitive to inclusions as one would expect from the experience with yellow or light pink. The only difficulty one encounters with whites is to rightly capture their luster. Some well cut whites are so good in throwing back light (which is somehow the life-purpose of any gem) that they can't be photographed from the front. Those stones you will find to be shot from a side angle. Though not satisfying this is often the only way of capturing the stone without simply having a fuzzy light in, say, oval shape on the picture. That of course does not mean every white with a frontal photograph are dull. Buy them before prices go up.

As so often in gem photography, one can not show all qualities (or flaws) in one shot. Examining a row of photos is probably the best way to overcome this issue. A seller should be willing to provide you with a written statement or additional photos if you have doubts about certain features like color or are worried about a flaw.

About the Author

Edward was born in 1968 in Berlin. His family migrated to Sri Lanka in 1973. He studied biology and international development in London and Berlin. His company, Wild Fish Gems was founded in 2000 as a company specializing in Ceylon gems that have not been treated with radiation, chemicals or heat. He has recently begun sourcing from a broader range of countries across Southeast Asia and Africa. His gemstones are delivered daily to jewelers and gem lovers all over the world.

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Bruce Lee: The Man and the Myth (DVD) $9.89 Widescreen This bio-pic looks at the life of martial arts phenomenon Bruce Lee and traces his phenomenal rise to international stardom. Beginning with his early years as a young man on the streets of his native Hong Kong, the film fo...

Wholesale Mori Lee wedding dresses - Diversity And Their Price

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In addition to wholesale Mori Lee wedding gowns, you can order what you opt for as well if you can't find out your desire in already designed millions of collection. Mori Lee also serves your custom needs and plans the dresses strictly on your order. The cloth used, sizing of the clothes, tastes and other prospects are told by the customer and even Mori Lee supplies it in wholesale lot.

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About the Author

Letitia has been in the wholesale business since 2000. She became one of the largest wholesale wedding dresses importers in China.

Bruce Lee Workout Routine - Revealed - Bruce Lee Workout Routine

How many years has it been since Bruce Lee died ... yet on the Internet, thousands of guys daily are still searching for the Bruce Lee Training And Workout Routine.

Why is this?

Undoubtedly, it stems from the fact that Bruce was years ahead of his time. In a day and age where no  martial artist cross-trained in other fighting arts -- never mind using isometrics and free weights to develop strength and greater speed.

How many young boys -- now men -- can still clearly remember seeing Bruce Lee's chiseled, rock hard chest, and six pack abs glaring down at them from the silver screen.

The number of people that were influenced by the Bruce Lee workout routine includes some notable names in the iron game. Celebrities such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, Shawn Ray, Lou Ferrigno, Dorian Yates, and many others have spoken out publicly about the tremendous impact that the Bruce Lee body had on them.

Even Joe Weider... The King Of All Bodybuilding -- commented that Bruce Lee's physique made an impact in the conditioning levels of today's modern bodybuilders.

The Bruce Lee workout routine varied over time. To Lee having big muscles did not necessarily mean that you had "power." He believed in what has now been termed "functional strength." What functional strength means is the ability to take the muscle size developed in the gym and translate it speed, power and strength.

Bruce Lee's bodybuilding workout routine in the beginning consisted of working out three days per week. The workout consisted of basic compound movements such as... pull overs, squats and barbell curls. The program allowed Bruce to continue teaching the martial arts without unnecessary muscle soreness or injury.

By following this basic program Bruce was able to gain 35 pounds. However, Lee did not like carrying the extra weight around he felt it slowed him down. As a result, he modified his training program to become more functional.

Here Is Bruce Lee's Workout Routine

Clean & Press 

Squats 

Pullovers

Bench Presses 

Good Mornings   (Warning -- Bruce Lee injured his back doing this exercise and as a result changes workout program dramatically. Please do not perform the "good morning exercise.")

Barbell Curls

These are the "Foundation Exercises" of the Bruce Lee Workout rountine

About the Author

Would You like to Add 15 to 20 Pounds of Ripped Muscle and Get Defined Six Pack Abs with a 7 Second Isometric Workout ?

Visit  here >>> Isometric Exercises to get all the details about it and more . And it's all FREE!

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Sterling Silver Created Opal and Cubic Zirconia Victorian Style Earrings $39.49 Set in sterling silver, these earrings feature created opal stones and purple cubic zirconias in a stylish Victorian design. These fashionable earrings are accented by a highly polished finish and secure with a butterfly clasp.

Victorian and Western Jewelry at low prices

  Westvictorian is an appreciation of the two diverse styles. Rhinestones and cutcoin jewelry reflect these two styles, in thier respective ways. They offer the beauty and glimmer without the high prices. www.westvictorian.com. Western style is a rugged style with a beauty that reflects the true ruggedness of the West and the people who settled it. Victorian offers the style of European beauty and a time of Look but don't touch. A time when desires were repressed and only acted on in secret. We Offer handmade doilies in the true victorian style, in addition the misc items section has knives, decor, and western style items too.

     West victorian is a desire of Kay and I to present an oppurtunity for others to appreciate these items as we do. Kay was raised in Montana by an old sheep herder, who showed her and her brother how to find agates and stones in the wilderness of montana. Jim was raised in Phoenix by a police officer who also dealt in silversmithing and antiquities. Currently Lapidary work is eing done to add to the site some precious stone jewelry in addition to what is already there.

     Although many of our items are antiquities, they are all ready for wear or use. As we continue to add to the site we also offer very low prices and even a free gift with every order. Westvictorian also buys scrap silver items. We are also willing to make jewelry requests. If you have an idea for a piece of jewelry that you would like custom made specifically for you. Just submit the design in the form and we will quote the price to make it for you. We are always open for suggestions, and like to hear from our customers.

About the Author

Bifold Doors to Play a Significant Role in the Victorian Style of Architecture

A house turns out to be meaningless without adequate number of doors. They are present at the main entrance and at the entry point to every room. A set of smaller doors are also present for casement windows. Many of these doors are bifold doors and these are highly popular in the Victorian style of architecture that dominates the scene not only in England but also the whole world. These are highly versatile in nature. A bifold door can be opened or shut to any degree with the flexibility to open fully or partially. It allows the exact amount of air and sunlight that we need and makes the room more spacious ever.

A bifold door is a door unit that is usually made from wood and may also from metal or glass. The superb aluminum bifolding doors have proved to be an excellent, reliable product for many years. This bifold door system is durable and strong due to the use of laminated timbers made of the finest hardwoods. These hardwoods are the latest storm proof materials available in the market today. These doors are becoming a very well-liked improvement for new conservatories as they offer much spacious unchecked door openings than traditional double doors or sliding gallery doors. The fully open folding sliding doors merge the garden outside with the conservatory in a fantastic manner and bring the outside inside.

A good quality wooden folding door adds value to your house, brings an amusing atmosphere, and saves your space and lasts for many years. Investing in folding doors for your dream home project can be a very good decision. Frames of these doors which have been rinsed with unique managements extend the lifespan of the wood. Long-life finishes can look smarter without any painting and increase the level of safeness.

The folding doors are also called as accordion door or accordion partitions. These are fabricated to grant quick and easy space division with sensible noise reduction and an enjoyable outward visual show with a simple pull-and-latch operation. Now-a-days, many doors manufacturers are using laminated American white oak which has become increasingly fashionable. It has becoming more popular especially with the raised solid timber mouldings. The contemporary features are also gaining popularity these days. The oak bifold doors are produced with a fine natural wood finish demanding a minimum polish.

About the Author

Mark Osborne, as the seller of Sliding bifold doors, is an expert in the field of home improvement. He has got profound knowledge on various types of folding doors and oak bifold doors that can enhance the look of your sweet home significantly. If you have any queries, you can contact him by visiting folding door

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Raymond Townsend - The First Filipino Nba Player

Have you ever think that a Filipino can enter a NBA league?

If your answer is no, then your wrong, the very first asian that entered the NBA league was named Raymond Anthony Townsend, born 20 th of December, year 1955 in San Jose, California.

Photos from http://3critical.wordpress.com/

He is a 6'3 ", 175 lbs point guard from UCLA where he was last selected in the first part (of 22 in general) a year in 1978 NBA draft by Golden State Warriors. He is the son of Raymond Ray Sr.. an American, and former Virginia taga-Marella, to please a Pinay from Balayan, Batangas. For his being Pilipino - American race and manglalarong first Pinoy NBA.

Townsend's mother, the former Virginia Marella, is a Filipina from Balayan, Batangas while his father, Ray Sr., is American. His brother, Kurtis Townsend, is currently an assistant coach for the University of Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team which won the 2008 NCAA Championship.

Finished his NBA career in 1982 as a member of the Indiana Pacers team.

A 1976 Sports Illustrated issue featured Townsend's father, Ray Sr., in its "Faces in the Crowd" section. He was recognized as "the oldest junior college basketball player in history." At age 39, he was the second man off the bench Raymond you live, proof can be Sukkar in NBA

Currently, Raymond was a liaison to paunlad a game for youth to visit San Jose, Califronia, Townsend was also honored as UCLA Pilipino Alumni Association's Distinguished Alumnus of the year on 2nd of May, year 2009.

Ricardo Brown was drafted by the Houston Rockets back in the 80's as well. He ended his colorful pro basketball career back in the Philippines Basketball Association (PBA) donning the San Miguel Beermen jersey and was included in the league's Hall of Fame.

Back in the 90's, Johnny Abarrientos of the PBA's Alaska Aces was scouted by the Charlotte Hornets and was considered to be drafted. But it was his prime in the PBA back then that he did not accept the offer since the NBA could not assure him of a long-term career in the premier American league.

About the Author

How Can Body Contouring Improve Your Look?

Are you completely satisfied when you look in the mirror? Do you feel confident and strong when you walk into a room? For men and women who wish to improve the appearance of certain areas of the body, cosmetic surgery has an answer. Body contouring lets you rejuvenate and reshape the areas of the body that you are not happy with. Thanks to state-of-the-art body contouring cosmetic surgery procedures, you are not limited to the body shape and size Mother Nature left you with.

Body Contouring Options

The great thing about body contouring is that there are a variety of procedures that you can combine or use individually to achieve the look you want. Here we discuss a few of the most popular body contouring treatments and their unique benefits.

• Liposuction —Liposuction is a very versatile procedure because it can be used to remove fat cells from many different areas of the body, including the tummy, face, thighs, hips and arms.

• Lipo Dissolve — Lipo Dissolve is a new way to treat small pockets of fat that are resistant to diet and exercise. Using an injection of a special substance called PPC, fat cells are dissolved with no need for surgery and no anesthesia. Down time is only 1 – 2 days!

• Breast augmentation — Breast augmentation not only enhances the breast contour for a fuller appearance, it can also create more attractive proportions by making the waist appear smaller.

• Breast lift — A breast lift rejuvenates the breast appearance and combats sagging due to aging and pregnancy. Through nipple repositioning and removal of excess skin, the breasts often appear fuller and more youthful.

Your Perfect Combination

Every woman’s body is unique, as are her goals for her ideal body appearance. The body contouring combination that works best for you will depend on a variety of factors, including your current health, appearance, and personal goals. To help you choose the procedures that are right for you, do your own research on the benefits of body contouring and find out what each procedure can realistically deliver. Look at before and after photos and meet with a body contouring physician to get all the facts.

What is your idea of the perfect body? Have you taken the time to explore your body contouring goals? Talk to a skilled cosmetic surgeon about your body makeover possibilities today. To learn more about your cosmetic body contouring options, visit the Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of Indiana Web site.

About the Author

What is your idea of the perfect body? Have you taken the time to explore your body contouring goals? Talk to a skilled cosmetic surgeon about your body makeover possibilities today. To learn more about your cosmetic body contouring options, visit the Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of Indiana Web site.

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Does Fyrom have enough money and wealth for Greece to invade and take?

This way a historic and glorious nation like Greece will solve their debt problem and they will also do a favor to humanity and erase from the map a lil country with no name and no history.
Wouldn't that be a good solution for you guys in Greece?

No, FYROM's a poor country with no wealth or anything useful for Greece.

You're right, it could do a favor to humanity and erase from the map a country with no name and history and Greece could take back its old land. But still, there isn't any useful thing there.

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I need to think of an idea for my business law project?

every 10 weeks we have to do a project for my business law class. I did a poster on sexual harassment, I did a brochure on drunk driving, and I made a speech about discrimination. This time I was thinking of making a video. I'm not sure what the topic should be though..it can be ANYTHING related to business, or law, or life in general (such as..buying a house, renting an apartment, getting insurance on a car, writing checks, etc etc). Any suggestions?

make scenarios about contract and its factors like intention, agreement, consideration, capacity, genuine consent, legality.

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I am trying to locate the web site for the Early Childhood development Incorporated School at the John Ehrdart

this center is located at the John Ehrdart elementary school in elk Grove, California It's title is , I think, CDI,

google it...info comes up on the school...you could always call the school itself and ask for the website...good luck!

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Whats the difference between native americans and people from india?

I know there not the same thing but why are they both called indians? Im just asking because i saw that movie slumdog millionaire the other day and this just came to mind lol. So hindu indians are from india but i dont get why native americans sometimes get called indians.

Colubus did not "find" or "discover" anything. WE HAVE BEEN HERE FOREVER. You can't discover something that a large portion of the worl already knew existed. Besides that, West and North African Muslims had been trading with tribes of the Caribbean and South East coast for hundreds of years before Columbus. Polynesians and tribes of the West Coast had been trading as well. Same with Alaskans and Syberians. Lots of people knew about us, Europeans are just arrogant, and think anything they touch can be their for the taking. A lot of people don't know that Columbus had an Arabic translator speak with the natives of Haiti for him. Now how would a haitian know Arabic? hmmm.... Any ways, like the other answerers said, he was looking for India, and got lost in America. He died thinking he had found India. Such a fool...